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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 55: e11720, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360239

ABSTRACT

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a relevant physiological variable for the estimation of cardiac autonomic function. Although the gold standard for HRV registration is the electrocardiogram (ECG), several applications (APPs) have been increasingly developed. The evaluation carried out by these devices must be compatible with ECG standards. The aim of this study was to compare the data obtained simultaneously with ECG and APP with chest heart rate transmitters. Fifty-six healthy individuals (28 men and 28 women) were evaluated at rest through a short simultaneous HRV measurement with both devices. Data from both acquisition systems were analyzed separately using their own analysis software and exported and analyzed using a validated software. Signal recordings were compatible between the two acquisition systems (Pearson r=0.99; P<0.0001). Although a high correlation was found for the HRV variables obtained in the time domain (Spearman r=0.99; P<0.0001), the correlation decreased in the frequency domain (Pearson r=0.85; P<0.0001) when two software programs were used. Comparison of the averages of spectral analysis parameters also showed differences when HRV data were analyzed separately in each device for low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands. Although the portability of these mobile devices allows for optimal HRV evaluation, the direct analysis obtained from these devices must be carefully evaluated with respect to frequency domain parameters.

2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(2): 383-394, Mar.-Apr. 2021. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1248923

ABSTRACT

This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize the abdominal structures of healthy peccaries raised in captivity. Fifteen peccaries were used for this study. The urinary vesicle appeared as an ovoid structure, located in the abdominal and pelvic transition, with a hyperechogenic, thin, smooth, and regular wall. The kidneys presented retroperitoneal topography and had similar sizes. The kidney/aorta ratio had an average value of 10.53±15cm (right) and 10.23±0.12 (left). The right adrenal gland had a length of 1.93±0.34cm and diameter of 0.56±0.16cm. The left adrenal gland had a length of 1.85±0.42cm and diameter of 0.52±0.11cm. The spleen had a diameter of 1.13±0.18cm. The hepatic vein demonstrated polyphasic flow in pulsed Doppler, with two retrograde peaks and an anterograde peak with a flow velocity of 25.7±0.83cm/s. The abdominal aorta had a diameter of 0.58±0.05cm and a flow velocity of 115.17±5.32cm/s. The morphological and hemodynamic study of the abdominal structures of the peccary, observed through B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, aided in identifying the size, shape, position, echogenicity, and echotexture of the abdominal organs and in making inferences about the normal parameters for these structures in this species.(AU)


Este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar as ultrassonografias de modo-B e Doppler para caracterizar as estruturas abdominais de um cateto sadio criado em cativeiro. Quinze catetos foram utilizados para este estudo. A vesícula urinária apareceu como uma estrutura ovoide, localizada na transição entre as partes abdominal e pélvica, com uma parede hiperecogênica, fina, lisa e regular. Os rins apresentaram topografia retroperitoneal e tamanhos semelhantes. A relação rim/aorta teve um valor médio de 10,53 ± 15cm (direita) e 10,23 ± 0,12cm (esquerda). A glândula adrenal direita tinha um comprimento de 1,93 ± 0,34cm e um diâmetro de 0,56 ± 0,16cm. A glândula suprarrenal esquerda tinha um comprimento de 1,85 ± 0,42cm e um diâmetro de 0,52 ± 0,11cm. O baço tinha um diâmetro de 1,13 ± 0,18cm. A veia hepática demonstrou fluxo polifásico no Doppler pulsátil, com dois picos retrógrados e um pico anterógrado com velocidade de fluxo de 25,7±0,83cm/s. A aorta abdominal tinha um diâmetro de 0,58 ± 0,05cm e uma velocidade de fluxo de 115,17±5,32cm/s. Os estudos morfológico e hemodinâmico das estruturas abdominais do queixada, observadas por meio das ultrassonografias modo-B e Doppler, auxiliaram na identificação do tamanho, da forma, da posição, da ecogenicidade e da ecotextura dos órgãos abdominais e na realização de inferências sobre os parâmetros de normalidade para as estruturas nas espécies.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Artiodactyla/anatomy & histology , Abdomen/diagnostic imaging , Hemodynamics , Echocardiography, Doppler/veterinary , Ultrasonography, Doppler/veterinary
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(1): 68-76, jan.-fev. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-989353

ABSTRACT

Peccaries are wild mammals belonging to the Tayassu genus that are found almost everywhere in the Americas and have demonstrated great potential as an experimental model for scientific investigations. Twelve healthy adult animals were sedated to perform echocardiographic examinations in B, M and Doppler mode. The variables that exhibited statistically significant correlation coefficients with weight were LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, E wave, A'RV, MAM, and TAPSE. The HR exhibited a negative relationship with the IVRT. The LA variable showed a positive correlation with the AO. The MAM exhibited correlations with the LVIDd and LVIDs. The TAPSE showed positive correlations with the E'RV and A'RV. The present study provides the first reference values for echocardiographic measurements in B, M and Doppler modes from peccaries anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam. Echocardiography was easy to perform in collared peccaries, and the collected data revealed values that can aid in their clinical management and conservation.(AU)


Catetos são mamíferos selvagens, pertencentes ao gênero Tayassu, encontrados em quase toda a América, os quais têm se destacado como modelos experimentais. Doze animais adultos saudáveis foram sedados para a realização de exames ecocardiográficos em modos B, M e Doppler. As variáveis que apresentaram coeficientes de correlação estatisticamente significativos em relação ao peso foram: LVFWd, LVIDd, LVIDs, onda E, A'RV, MAM, TAPSE. O HR mostrou correlação positiva com LA/AO, onda E, onda A, MAM, TAPSE e E/IVRT, e negativa com IVRT. Os valores de AVmax mostraram correlações positivas com onda E e onda A'. A variável LA mostrou correlação positiva com AO e correlação negativa com IVSd. A EF apresentou forte correlação com a relação de ondas FS, E/A, com A', E'RV. FS apresentou correlação positiva com a relação de onda E/A. O MAM mostrou correlação com LVIDd e LVIDs. TAPSE mostrou correlações positivas com E'RV e A'RV. O presente estudo forneceu os primeiros valores de referência para medições ecocardiográficas em modos B, M e Doppler de catetos anestesiados com ketamina e midazolam. O exame ecocardiográfico em catetos foi de fácil execução e os dados encontrados evidenciaram valores que podem auxiliar no seu manejo clínico e conservação.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Artiodactyla/abnormalities , Cardiology , Hemodynamics , Animals, Wild/abnormalities
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(1): 263-271, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-888092

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar os fatores de produção presentes em granjas de crescimento e terminação (CT) de suínos, em um sistema cooperativo do estado do Paraná, Brasil, e determinar a influência desses fatores no consumo diário de ração (CDR) e na conversão alimentar (CA). Foram avaliados, entre os anos de 2010 e 2013, os históricos produtivos de 538 lotes de engorda, alojados em 175 granjas comerciais, totalizando aproximadamente 404.000 animais. Foram considerados 40 fatores de produção, relacionados ao manejo, à sanidade, às instalações e aos equipamentos, à nutrição, à genética e ao ambiente. Em baias com menos de 20 suínos, o CDR diminuiu (P<0,05) e a CA melhorou (P<0,01). Nas baias com comedouros basculantes (lineares), o CDR reduziu (P<0,01) e a CA melhorou (P=0,001). Em baias com lâmina d'água, o CDR aumentou (P<0,01) e a CA piorou (P<0,01). Lotes formados apenas por fêmeas apresentaram menor CDR (P<0,001) e melhor CA (P<0,001), quando comparados aos lotes mistos. As variáveis selecionadas para os modelos finais explicaram cerca de 25% e 46% da variância total para CDR e para a CA, respectivamente. Os modelos constituem um instrumento de auxílio efetivo para tomadas de decisões técnicas dentro do setor suinícola.(AU)


The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the production factors present in growing and finishing (GF) pig farms partners of a cooperative in Paraná State, Brazil, and to determine the influence of these factors on daily feed intake (DFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR). From 2010 to 2013, the historical production of 538 batches of fattening pigs in 175 commercial farms were analyzed, in an amount approximately 404,000 animals. A total of 40 production factors regarding the management, sanity, plant and equipment, nutrition, genetics and environment were taken into consideration. Pens with less than 20 pigs resulted in a reduction in DFI (P<0.05) and an improved FCR (P<0.01). In pens that used linear dump feeders, the DFI was less (P<0.01) and the FCR was better (P=0.001). Pens with shallow pools had higher DFI (P<0.01) and worse FCR (P<0.01). Batches of females had lower DFI (P<0.001) and better FCR (P<0.001) compared to mixed-sex batches. The factors used for the final models explained the 25% and 46% of the total variance for the DFI and FCR, respectively. The models consist in effective aid instruments for technical decision making in the swine industry.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine/growth & development , Swine/metabolism , Animal Feed , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Models, Theoretical
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(12): e7437, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974252

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), characterized by localized increased arterial blood pressure in the lungs, is a slow developing long-term disease that can be fatal. PAH is characterized by inflammation, vascular tone imbalance, pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right-sided heart failure. Current treatments for PAH are palliative and development of new therapies is necessary. Recent and relevant studies have demonstrated that epigenetic processes may exert key influences on the pathogenesis of PAH and may be promising therapeutic targets in the prevention and/or cure of this condition. The aim of the present mini-review is to summarize the occurrence of epigenetic-based mechanisms in the context of PAH physiopathology, focusing on the roles of DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. We also discuss the potential of epigenetic-based therapies for PAH.


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA Methylation/genetics , RNA, Untranslated/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics , Histone Code/genetics , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Down-Regulation/genetics , Up-Regulation/genetics , Ubiquitination/genetics , Molecular Targeted Therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 69(6): 1660-1668, nov.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-911293

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compensatory gain associated with the use of 10ppm ractopamine after a period of feed restriction in finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty castrated males and 20 females, at 110 days of age and 66.137±6.13kg live weight, were submitted to four treatments using a 2 x 2 factorial design (fed ad libitum or with 20% restriction between 0(21 days of age and fed with or without 10ppm ractopamine for 22(42 days of experimentation), with 10 replicates (animals). There was no interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated parameters. Animals treated with ractopamine presented better weight gain (1.083 versus 1.259kg), feed conversion (2.910 versus 2.577), warm and cold carcass weight (86.08 versus 89.00 and 83.46 versus 87.20kg, respectively), loin depth (63.02 versus 68.40mm), loin eye area (41.43 versus 46.59mm2) and muscle fiber diameter (27.48 versus 35.85µm). Animals submitted to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed presented compensatory gain without losses to carcass and meat characteristics, but with a reduction in the ethereal extract (2.19 versus 1.64%) and lower water loss due to thawing in the meat (11.35 versus 9.42%). The effects of compensatory gain after food restriction and ractopamine are independent of the parameters evaluated.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do ganho compensatório associado ao uso de 10ppm de ractopamina após um período de restrição alimentar, em suínos em terminação, sobre características de desempenho, carcaça e qualidade de carne. Foram utilizados 20 machos castrados e 20 fêmeas, com 110 dias de idade e 66,137±6,13kg de peso vivo, submetidos a quatro tratamentos, fatorial 2 x 2 (alimentação à vontade ou com 20% de restrição entre zero e 21 dias de experimentação; e alimentação à vontade, sem ou com 10ppm de ractopamina, durante 22 a 42 dias de experimentação), com 10 repetições, sendo o animal a repetição. Não houve interação entre os fatores para nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Animais tratados com ractopamina apresentaram melhor ganho de peso (1,083 versus 1,259kg), conversão alimentar (2,910 versus 2,577), peso da carcaça quente e fria (86,08 versus 89,00 e 83,46 versus 87,20kg, respectivamente), profundidade do lombo (63,02 versus 68,40mm), área de olho de lombo (41,43 versus 46,59mm2) e diâmetro de fibras musculares (27,48 versus 35,85µm). Animais submetidos à restrição alimentar seguida de arraçoamento ad libitum apresentaram ganho compensatório sem prejuízos às características de carcaça e à carne, mas com redução do extrato etéreo (2,19 versus 1,64%) e menor perda de água por descongelamento na carne (11,35 versus 9,42%) Os efeitos do ganho compensatório após a restrição alimentar e da ractopamina mostram-se independentes sobre os parâmetros avaliados.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/analysis , Red Meat/analysis , Swine/growth & development , Weight Gain/drug effects , Body Fat Distribution/veterinary
7.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(1): 162-169, Jan-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839156

ABSTRACT

Abstract Predatory mites that belong to the Phytoseiidae family are one of the main natural enemies of phytophagous mites, thus allowing for their use as a biological control. Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is among the main species of predatory mites used for this purpose. Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) is considered to be one of the most important species of mite pests and has been described as attacking over 1,100 species of plants in 140 families with economic value. The objective of the present study was to investigate, in the laboratory, the reproductive parameters of the predatory mite P. macropilis when fed T. urticae. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2 °C of temperature, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hours of photophase. In addition, biological aspects were evaluated and a fertility life table was established. The results of these experiments demonstrated that the longevity of adult female was 27.5 days and adult male was 29.0 days. The population was estimated to increase approximately 27 times (Ro) in mean generation time (T), which was 17.7 days. Lastly, the mite population grew 1.2 times/day (λ) and doubled every 3.7 days (TD).


Resumo Os ácaros predadores pertencentes à família Phytoseiidae constituem um dos principais inimigos naturais de ácaros fitófagos, o que possibilita o seu uso em controle biológico. Entre as principais espécies destaca-se Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks, 1904) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). O ácaro Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) é considerado uma das espécies de ácaros-praga mais importantes, atacando mais de 1.100 espécies de plantas em 140 famílias de valor econômico. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar, em laboratório, os parâmetros reprodutivos do ácaro predador P. macropilis, quando alimentado com T. urticae. Os estudos foram conduzidos em laboratório à temperatura de 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% de UR e 14 horas de fotofase e foram avaliados os aspectos biológicos e confeccionada a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Foi constatada uma longevidade de 27,5 dias para fêmeas adultas e 29,0 dias para machos. A população foi estimada em aumentar aproximadamente 27 vezes (Ro) no período médio de duração de geração (T) que foi de 17,7 dias. A população do ácaro cresceu 1,2vezes/dia (λ) e dobrou a cada 3,7 dias (TD).


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Reproduction , Tetranychidae , Longevity , Mites/physiology
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(3): 219-223, Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-956431

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) is a rare neoplasm of low malignant potential with uncertain behavior, diagnosed mainly in young women. Method: Our report comprises a series of cases of SPTP reviewed retrospectively, highlighting clinical, tomographic and immunohistochemical features, treatment performed and outcomes. Results: Thirteen patients were found to have pancreatic [solid] masses on computed tomography scan measuring a mean diameter of 8.8 cm. All patients underwent complete surgical excision. Immunohistochemistry confirmed diagnosis in all cases. Conclusion: SPTP occurs more frequently in young women. Diagnostic suspicion lies on the finding of a bulky, solid and cystic pancreatic mass. Imaging findings might provide diagnostic information before resection. Conservative approaches can be used in selected cases and survival rates are usually excellent following complete resection.


Resumo Introdução: O tumor sólido pseudopapilífero do pâncreas é uma neoplasia rara de baixo potencial de malignidade e com comportamento incerto, diagnosticado principalmente em mulheres jovens. Método: Uma série de casos dessa patologia é revisada retrospectivamente, focalizando os aspectos clínicos, tomográficos e imuno-histoquímicos, o tratamento realizado e o desfecho. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 13 pacientes com massas pancreáticas, por meio de tomografia computadorizada, com diâmetro médio de 8,8 cm. Todas as pacientes submeteram-se a ressecção cirúrgica completa. A imuno-histoquímica confirmou o diagnóstico em todos os casos. Conclusão: Esses tumores ocorrem frequentemente em mulheres jovens. Suspeita-se do diagnóstico ao encontrar uma volumosa tumoração sólido-cística no pâncreas. As imagens podem fornecer informações diagnósticas antes da ressecção. Podem-se empregar abordagens conservadoras em pacientes selecionados, e a sobrevida geralmente é excelente com a ressecção completa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Pancreatectomy/methods , Immunohistochemistry , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Burden
9.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(2): 415-422, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787949

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antibacteriano e tripanocida in vitro do extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae), conhecida popularmente como veludo branco. Foi avaliada a atividade antibacteriana in vitro frente às bactérias Streptococcus mitis (CIM = 100 µg/mL; CMB = 150 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (CIM = 200 µg/mL; CMB = 220 µg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 425 µg/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 420 µg/mL) e Bacteroides fragilis (CIM = 400 µg/mL; CMB = 430 µg/mL) pelo método de diluição em caldo. Os protozoários da família tripanossomatídeo causam doenças tropicais que costumam ser negligenciadas que costumam ser como a tripanossomíase, para a qual estão disponíveis poucos medicamentos. Neste contexto, o extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de T. sillamontana também foi avaliado frente às formas tripomastigotas da cepa Y de Trypanosoma cruzi, com promissora atividade frente a este protozoário (IC50 = 2,4 µg/mL). Quando avaliada a atividade citotóxica frente a fibroblastos da linhagem LLCMK2, o extrato apresentou moderada citotoxicidade (CC50 = 480,37 µg/mL). Os resultados ora apresentados para o extrato hidroalcóolico das raízes de Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda demonstraram promissoras atividades antibacteriana e tripanocida, sendo uma fonte alternativa de produtos naturais com atividades contra T. cruzi e algumas bactérias do gênero Streptococcus e Bacteroides.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro, antibacterial and trypanocidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda (Commelinaceae), commonly known as Veludo branco. The in vitro antibacterial activity against the standard bacteria Streptococcus mitis (MIC = 100µg/mL; MBC = 150 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 200µg/mL; MBC = 220 µg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 425 µg/mL), Streptococcus sobrinus (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 420 µg/mL) andBacteroides fragilis (MIC = 400µg/mL; MBC = 430 µg/mL), using microdilution broth methods. Protozoans from the trypanosomatid family cause neglected tropical diseases such as trypanosomiasis, for which few drugs are available. In this context, the hydroalcoholic extract of the Tradescantia sillamontana roots was also investigated with regards to the in vitro effects against the trypomastigote forms of theY strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing strong activity against this parasite (IC50 = 2.4 µg/mL). When performing cytotoxic activity against fibroblasts LLCMK2 line, the extract showed moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 = 480.37 mg/mL). The results presented for the hydroalcoholic extract of the roots of Tradescantia sillamontana Matuda demonstrated effective antibacterial and trypanocidal activities and were shown to be an alternative source of natural products with activity against T. cruzi and some bacteria of the genus Streptococcus and Bacteroides.


Subject(s)
Trypanocidal Agents/analysis , Plant Roots/classification , Tradescantia/classification , /analysis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Commelinaceae/classification
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(2): 502-510, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-787951

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Campomanesia adamantium é muito utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de hipertensão, reumatismo e diabetes. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento, a composição química, e as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial de folhas de C. adamantium submetidas a diferentes métodos e tempos de secagem. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e três repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação das folhas e analisado por CG-EM. O tipo de secagem das folhas de C. adamantium influenciou no teor e na composição química do óleo essencial. Os constituintes espatulenol, óxido cariofileno e germacreno-B apresentaram maior concentração na maioria das procedências avaliadas. O óleo essencial das folhas de C. adamantium apresentou moderada atividade antibacteriana em relação a todos os micro-organismos testados. A atividade antioxidante se deu empregando-se o método de redução do radical estável DPPH, sendo observada fraca atividade antioxidante por meio do ensaio utilizado.


ABSTRACT C. adamantiumis widely used in popular medicine for thetreatment of hypertension, rheumatism and diabetes. This study looked to evaluate the essential oil yield, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from leaves of C. adamantium. A completely randomized design was used with eight treatments and three replications. The essential oil obtained by hydrodestillation of the leaves was analyzed by GC-MS. The results show that the drying type and the processing of the leaf influence the content and chemical composition of the essential oil. The compounds spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and germacrene-B have higher concentrationsin mostorigins. The essentialoil from theleaves of C.adamantiumshowed moderate bacterial activityagainst all tested microorganisms. The antioxidant activity was determined by the methods of reduction of the DPPH stable radical. The antioxidant activity was weak in the test used.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Myrtaceae/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(2): 563-572, Jan.-Apr. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709298

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo foi conduzido para determinar o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, bem como o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros Somalis Brasileira, alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (EM). Foram utilizados 40 animais, não castrados, com peso vivo médio de 13,47±1,76kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco dietas com diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável (1,18; 2,07; 2,25; 2,42 e 2,69Mcal/kg de MS). O consumo de MS, PB, FDN, CF (g/dia), MS (g/kg0,75) e FDN (%PC e g/kg0,75) apresentaram efeito quadrático (P<0,05), assim como os coeficientes de digestibilidade (P<0,05) da PB, da FDN e dos CF. Foi averiguado efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) para digestibilidade da MS, da MO e dos CNF com o aumento da EM na dieta. Os tempos de alimentação e ócio (h/dia) foram influenciados pelos níveis de energia (P<0,05), e as eficiências de alimentação e ruminação (g FDN/h) apresentaram efeito quadrático (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o aumento dos níveis de EM das rações influencia o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, bem como o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros Somalis Brasileira...


The study was conducted to determine the intake, nutrient digestibility and ingestive behavior of Brazilian Somali lambs fed different levels of metabolizable energy (ME). Forty non-castrated Brazilian Somali lambs with average weight of 13.47±1.76kg were used. The animals were assigned to a randomized block design with eight replications per block and five diets with increasing metabolizable energy (1.18, 2.07, 2.25, 2.42 and 2.69 Mcal/kg DM). The quadratic effect (P<0.05) of the ME level was determined for DM, CP, NDF and FC (g/day) and DM (g/kg0,75) and NDF(%PC and g/kg0,75) intake, as well as the digestibility coefficients (P<0.05) for CP, NDF and CF. A linear effect (P<0.05) was observed for digestibility of DM, OM and NFC with the increase of ME in the diet. Eating and idle results (hours/day) were influenced by the energy levels (P<0.05) and efficiencies of feeding and rumination (g NDF/h) showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05). It is concluded that the increase of ME levels in the diet influences intatke, nutrient digestibility and ingestive behavior of Brazilian Somali lambs...


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Eating , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Nutrients , Sheep/metabolism , Absorption , Digestion/physiology , Time Factors
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(4): 1033-1040, Aug. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684458

ABSTRACT

Caracterizaram-se as agressões por cães, o perfil das vítimas e dos agressores e as circunstâncias desses acidentes. Calculou-se a amostra aleatória a partir de 20 mil notificações/ano de agressões por cães e realizaram-se 594 entrevistas telefônicas. A maior frequência de agressões ocorreu no sexo masculino, faixa etária de cinco a 14 anos. Lesões leves representaram 80,4%. As profundas (19,1%) ocorreram por cães de porte médio seguidas pelos de grande porte. A maioria dos cães era macho adulto, porte médio. Dos entrevistados, 52,5% desconheciam a condição reprodutiva; 41,0% dos cães não eram esterilizados e 6,4% eram esterilizados. Cães sem raça definida (SRD) provocaram 48,4% dos acidentes, e 57,6% das agressões ocorreram em locais privados. Em 56,2% das agressões, as vítimas eram moradoras do imóvel ou pessoas conhecidas. Com animais não conhecidos a agressão mais frequente ocorreu na rua, 30,8%, e 67,5% dos donos permaneceram com os animais. As agressões foram resultantes da interação homem-cão e devem ser estudadas para se identificarem os possíveis comportamentos que desencadeiam a agressão pelo animal.


This study aimed to characterize aggression by dogs, the profile of victims, and perpetrators and circumstances of these accidents. Understanding the interaction between victims and aggressive dogs contributes to preventing aggression. The random sample from 20.000 reports / year of attacks by dogs was calculated and 594 telephone interviews were conducted. The highest frequency of assaults occurred in males from 5 to 14 years of age. Non-severe injuries represented 80.4%. Deep lesions (19.1%) were caused by medium and large dogs. Most dogs were medium size adult males. Of the respondents, 52.5% were unaware of the reproductive condition, 41.0% of dogs were not sterilized and 6.4% were sterilized. Dogs without defined race caused 48.4% of accidents and 57.6% of assaults occurred in private places. In 56.2% assault victims were residents of the property or known people. Aggressions from unknown animals were more frequent on the street (30.8%). 67.5% remained with the animals' owners. The attacks were the result of interaction between man and dog and should be studied to identify which human and canine behaviors can trigger accidents, to understand how the interaction occurs in different situations whithin the same household, with acquaintances, on the street, and with unknown animals. Educational approaches detailing risks and prevention methods are essential.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Aggression , Behavior, Animal , Public Health , Dogs/classification
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 46(8): 715-721, ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-684533

ABSTRACT

Immobilization, used in clinical practice to treat traumatologic problems, causes changes in muscle, but it is not known whether changes also occur in nerves. We investigated the effects of immobilization on excitability and compound action potential (CAP) and the ultrastructure of the rat sciatic nerve. Fourteen days after immobilization of the right leg of adult male Wistar rats (n=34), animals were killed and the right sciatic nerve was dissected and mounted in a moist chamber. Nerves were stimulated at a baseline frequency of 0.2 Hz and tested for 2 min at 20, 50, and 100 Hz. Immobilization altered nerve excitability. Rheobase and chronaxy changed from 3.13±0.05 V and 52.31±1.95 µs (control group, n=13) to 2.84±0.06 V and 59.71±2.79 µs (immobilized group, n=15), respectively. Immobilization altered the amplitude of CAP waves and decreased the conduction velocity of the first CAP wave (from 93.63±7.49 to 79.14±5.59 m/s) but not of the second wave. Transmission electron microscopy showed fragmentation of the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve of immobilized limbs and degeneration of the axon. In conclusion, we demonstrated that long-lasting leg immobilization can induce alterations in nerve function.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Action Potentials/physiology , Hindlimb/innervation , Immobilization/adverse effects , Nerve Degeneration/physiopathology , Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology , Chronaxy/physiology , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Myelin Sheath/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
16.
J. bras. med ; 100(2): 31-35, maio-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-682793

ABSTRACT

A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) associa-se frequentemente a manifestações extraintestinais e a outros distúrbios autoimunes. A colangite esclerosante primária (CEP) é a principal manifestação extraintestinal hepatobiliar da DII (1). Embora mais frequente na retocolite ulcerativa (RCU), ocorrendo em 2% a 7% dos casos em algumas séries, sua frequência na doença de Crohn (DC) é estimada entre 0,7% e 3,4% (2, 6). Nota-se um risco aumentado de tromboembolismo arterial e venoso em ambas as formas de doença inflamatória intestinal, sendo esta a mais importante complicação vascular da DII (3). No entanto, a associação da síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídeo (SAAF) com a doença de Crohn tem sido relatada na literatura apenas em casos clínicos isolados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/complications , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Crohn Disease/complications , Proctocolitis , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Thromboembolism/complications
17.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 14(4): 656-665, 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-664018

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização de plantas frescas e secas (comerciais) de alfavaca, orégano e tomilho, a obtenção dos óleos essenciais através do método de arraste a vapor e a quantificação dos compostos químicos por CG/EM. As plantas frescas e as secas comerciais foram submetidas às análises de umidade, extrato etéreo, proteína, fibra bruta, cinzas, extrato não nitrogenado, valor calórico, teor de óleo essencial e identificação dos compostos majoritários através da cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas. Dentre a caracterização obtida os resultados na base seca mostraram-se promissores, sendo o teor de proteína e de cinzas na alfavaca seca comercial com 17,34 g 100 g-1 e 8,12 g 100 g-1, respectivamente; a fibra bruta no orégano seco comercial com 15,65 g 100 g-1; o extrato etéreo, o extrato não nitrogenado e o valor calórico no tomilho seco comercial com 9,30 g 100 g-1, 52,72 g 100 g-1 e 356,74 Kcal 100 g-1, respectivamente. Obteve-se o maior rendimento de óleo essencial na alfavaca seca comercial com 1,02%, enquanto a alfavaca fresca apresentou o menor rendimento, com apenas 0,13%. Na alfavaca fresca encontrou-se 87,38% de eugenol e 6,27% de timol, enquanto na alfavaca seca comercial observou-se redução no eugenol (71,12%) e aumento do timol (13,28%). No orégano fresco foram quantificados quatro picos o γ-terpineno (33,45%), 4-terpineol (25,59%), timol (14,21%) e carvacrol (2,30%). Já no óleo essencial de orégano seco comercial houve redução no γ-terpineno (28,73%) e aumento no 4-terpineol (27,58%), timol (19,71%) e carvacrol (3,67%). No óleo essencial do tomilho fresco foram quantificados três picos o borneol (66,66%), timol (13,41%) e linalol (3,24%). Por outro lado, no óleo essencial do tomilho seco comercial houve redução no borneol (37,90%) e aumento no timol (20,61%) e linalol (10,34%). Pode-se concluir que as folhas secas comerciais analisadas de alfavaca, orégano, e tomilho apresentam potencial para o enriquecimento dos alimentos ou para a obtenção dos óleos essenciais.


This study aimed to characterize commercial fresh and dry medicinal plants (basil, oregano and thyme), to obtain essential oil by the steam distillation method and to quantify chemical compounds by means of GC/MS. The fresh and dry plants were subjected to the following analyses moisture, ether extract, protein, crude fiber, ash, non-nitrogenous extract, caloric value, essential oil content and identification of major compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Considering the obtained characterization, the following results on dry basis proved promising: protein and ash content in commercial dry basil with 17.34 g 100 g-1 and 8.12 g 100 g-1, respectively; crude fiber in commercial dry oregano with 15.65 g 100 g-1; ether extract, non-nitrogenous extract and caloric value in commercial dry thyme with 9.30 g 100 g-1, 52.72 g 100 g-1 and 356.74 Kcal 100 g-1, respectively. The highest essential oil yield was obtained for commercial dry basil with 1.02% and the lowest yield was obtained for fresh basil with only 0.13%. Chromatography indicated 87.38% eugenol and 6.27% thymol in fresh basil. For commercial dry basil, the chromatogram showed a reduction in eugenol (71.12%) and an increase in thymol (13.28%). Four peaks were quantified for fresh oregano the γ-terpinene (33.45%), 4-terpineol (25.59%), thymol (14.21%) and carvacrol (2.30%). For the essential oil of commercial dry oregano, there was a decrease in γ-terpinene (28.73%) and an increase in 4-terpineol (27.58%), thymol (19.71%) and carvacrol (3.67%). In the chromatogram of the essential oil of fresh thyme, three peaks were quantified: borneol (66.66%), thymol (13.41%) and linalool (3.24%). On the other hand, in the chromatogram of the essential oil of commercial dry thyme, there was a decrease in borneol (37.90%) and an increase in thymol (20.61%) and linalool (10.34%). It can be concluded that commercial dry leaves of basil, oregano and thyme are feasible to enrich foods or to obtain essential oils.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/genetics , Oils, Volatile , Thymus serpyllum/classification , Chemical Compounds , Ocimum/classification , Origanum/classification , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
18.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(4): 751-762, Nov. 2008. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-504492

ABSTRACT

Micro- and mesozooplankton were studied in the Sergipe estuary, northeastern Brazil, in order to assess the temporal variability in abundance and biodiversity under stressed conditions (urban pollution). Zooplankton samples and abiotic data were collected at one station during a full tidal cycle in July 2001 and in February 2002, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The salinity regime was euhaline-polyhaline. Phosphate and dissolved oxygen were higher in July 2001, and nitrite, nitrate and ammonia in February 2002. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were low as a result of light limitation, with 1.18 ± 0.88 µg.m-3 in February and 1.53 ± 1.48 µg.m-3 in July. Fifty-nine zooplankton taxa were identified. Microzooplankton were abundant, mainly the tintinnid Favella ehrenbergii, and ranged from 18,649 ind.m-3 in July to 678,009 ind.m-3 in February. Mesozooplankton ranged from 1,537 ind.m-3 in July to 37,062 ind.m-3 in February and were dominated by barnacle nauplii in July and by copepods in February. The cluster analysis by taxa revealed the existence of three distinct groups: resilient species, characteristic of estuarine areas and occurring during all the year; species mainly more abundant in July (indicators of a healthier environmental condition); and species more abundant in February (tolerant to poor water quality).


O micro-e o mesozooplâncton foram estudados no estuário do rio Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil para conhecer a variação temporal em abundância e biodiversidade sob condições de estresse. Amostras do zooplâncton e dados abióticos foram coletados em uma estação durante um ciclo completo de marés em julho de 2001 e em fevereiro de 2002, correspondendo aos períodos chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. O regime de salinidade variou de euhalino a polihalino. O fosfato e o oxigênio dissolvidos foram mais elevados em julho 2001, e o nitrito, o nitrato e a amônia, em fevereiro 2002. As concentrações de clorofila-a foram baixas devido à limitação da luz, com valores médios de 1,18 ± 0,88 µg.m-3 em fevereiro e 1,53 ± 1,48 µg.m-3 em julho. Foram identificados 59 taxa zooplanctônicos. O microzooplâncton foi abundante, principalmente o tintinídeo Favella ehrenbergii, que variou de 18.649 ind.m-3 em julho a 678.009 ind.m-3 em fevereiro. O mesozooplâncton variou de 1.537 ind.m-3 em julho a 37.062 ind.m-3 em fevereiro e foi dominado por náuplios de Cirripedia em julho e por Copepoda em fevereiro. A análise de agrupamento por taxa revelou a existência de três grupos: espécies resilientes, características de áreas estuarinas de ocorrência contínua; espécies que dominaram em julho (indicadores de uma melhor condição ambiental); e espécies mais abundantes em fevereiro (tolerantes à baixa qualidade da água).


Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Seasons , Zooplankton/physiology , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Zooplankton/classification
19.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 14(4): 738-749, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-500141

ABSTRACT

The unfavorable evolution of a young ovine during hyperimmunization process with Crotalus durissus terrificus venom was investigated in order to differentiate its origin between ophidic envenomation and copper toxicosis. Clinical, laboratory, necroscopic and histological exams as well as evaluation and measurement of heavy metals (copper) in the kidneys and in the liver were carried out. Blood counts revealed anemia and serological tests showed high levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin; which indicates liver, kidney and skeletal muscle damages. At necropsy, the animal presented hepatopathy and nephropathy. Histological examination revealed renal and hepatic features that may imply copper intoxication. Copper levels were 237.8 µg/g in the liver and 51.2 µg/g in the kidneys. Although the amount of metal found in both organs was below the level that can cause death, according to the literature, anatomopathological signs were suggestive of copper intoxication. Therefore, the hypothesis of metal toxicosis during the hyperimmunization process became more consistent than the crotalic envenomation one.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Serologic Tests , Sheep/physiology , Crotalus cascavella , Creatine Kinase , Death , Copper
20.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(9): 1277-1286, Sept. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-460906

ABSTRACT

The objectives of this overview are to describe the past and potential contributions of birth cohorts to understanding chronic disease aetiology; advance a justification for the maintenance of birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC); provide an audit of birth cohorts from LMIC; and, finally, offer possible future directions for this sphere of research. While the contribution of birth cohorts from affluent societies to understanding disease aetiology has been considerable, we describe several reasons to anticipate why the results from such studies might not be directly applied to LMIC. More than any other developing country, Brazil has a tradition of establishing, maintaining and exploiting birth cohort studies. The clear need for a broader geographical representation may be precipitated by a greater collaboration worldwide in the sharing of ideas, fieldwork experience, and cross-country cohort data comparisons in order to carry out the best science in the most efficient manner. This requires the involvement of a central overseeing body - such as the World Health Organization - that has the respect of all countries and the capacity to develop strategic plans for `global' life-course epidemiology while addressing such issues as data-sharing. For rapid progress to be made, however, there must be minimal bureaucratic entanglements.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Chronic Disease , Cohort Studies , Developing Countries , Life Style , Risk Factors
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